Us foreign policy and the niger delta conflict pambazuka. It is typically considered to be located within nine coastal southern nigerian states, which include. Sep 07, 2018 niger delta has witnessed a high rate of militancy and insecurity starting from 2006. Historical background of the niger delta crisis in nigeria ogege 2011 describes the niger delta region as a vast, fertile, and naturally endowed region with enormous gas and oil deposits. The causes, effects and potential solutions to the deep. This study was designed to investigate the effects of the niger delta oil crisis. This occurrence has been the root cause of insecurity and violence within local.
Jul 17, 2009 the niger delta crisis by kia mistilis. Examining the niger delta crisis in light of helon. Creation of the niger del ta development commission 20002003 the niger d elta development commission nddc was established in 2000 by president olusegun obasanjo with the sole mandate of developing the petrole umrich niger delta region of s outhern nigeria. The people have endured a long history of economic and social injustice and they are now tired of being at the bottom. Niger delta crisis no doubt has implications for nigeria. Which ever way you look at it, the root cause of the whole niger delta crisis is. The niger delta has a long history of militant activity dating back to and beyond the. The niger delta is an unstable area of nigeria, and interethnic clashes are common often access to oil revenue is the trigger for the violence. The nature of the crisis the niger delta crisis involves the existential and environmental problems faced by the people of the niger delta region in nigeria and the resultant conflict, violence and militant operations in the same region.
Frameworks for understanding the crises of the niger delta region of nigeria. A book on the historical evolution of the niger delta region titled niger delta briefs written by a renowned medical doctor and an advocate of the niger delta struggle, dr mofia t. Niger, officially republic of niger, french republique du niger, landlocked western african country. The first title in a planned series of classic texts, written and published in africa, on the history and culture of the niger delta. The niger delta is one of the numerous parts of the country which have enjoyed considerable academic attention, scholars from different intellectual and academic persuasions have carried out research on different aspect of the history. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as expressed by the youth in delta state article pdf available in procedia social and behavioral sciences 5.
Oil and violent conflicts in the niger delta african books collective. Social impacts of niger delta crisis research cyber. The niger delta is the delta of the niger river sitting directly on the gulf of guinea on the atlantic ocean in nigeria. Since its inauguration, the nddc has focused on the development of social and. We know that this is not a crisis that came about because a group of men and women got bored and then decided to take on the nigerian government for the fun of it.
It takes its name from the arab word for emptiness. Towards ending conflict and insecurity in the niger delta region. The current conflict in the niger delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between foreign oil corporations and a number of the niger delta s minority ethnic groups who feel they are being exploited, particularly the ogoni and the ijaw. This post examines social impacts of the crisis in the niger delta occasioned by environmental change on development, of the people of niger delta societies. Solution to niger delta crisis crucial to nations economy. The current conflict in the niger delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between foreign oil corporations and a number of the niger deltas minority ethnic groups who feel they are being exploited, particularly the ogoni and the ijaw. If significant progress could be made on these fronts, much of the sense of injustice and marginalization on the part of the delta population would be assuaged.
Niger delta history pdf the oil rich niger delta region of nigeria has been embroiled in crisis. This article evaluates the nature of corporate social responsibility related oil conflict with emphasis on the key reasons for the conflict in the niger delta region that has remained impoverished despite the regions huge contributions to the nigerian economy for many decades. This study attempts to capture the transformations in ethnic minority identity politics in the oilproducing areas of the niger delta. Crisis groups first report on the niger delta examined the historical and societal underpinnings of the growing insurgency.
The crisis of religious politics and secular ideologies rochester studies in african history and the diaspora. The changing forms of identity politics in nigeria under. This has been the basis of the crisis, which has been worsened by the crystallization of the fears these niger delta minorities had at independence i. As has been mentioned earlier in the paper, the niger delta region is a potpouri of ethnic nationalities. The oil industry in the niger delta is dominated by multinational corporations such as chevron. Movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend. From the oilpolluted swamps of the niger delta in the south, to the. The crisis in the niger delta comes at a point in history when issues of peak oil and world energy crisis are looming. First, the book spends a few chapters quite appropriately on the niger delta crisis. The people live in a few large cities and over 3,000 small and often remote communitiesvillages in the mangrove, swamp and lowland rain forests. Niger delta niger delta facts history of niger delta. Aug 08, 2010 the niger delta region has a population of about 34 million people 2005 and covers an area of about 70,000 sq. This book contains some of the leading nigerian commentators and analysts on the niger delta crisis and offers a magnificent tour dhorizon of the relations between natural resources, violence and human development.
The niger delta region of nigeria has witnessed more than a fair share of conflict in nigeria. A textbook of niger delta history from the earliest times to the present. Sep 30, 2016 nigerians daily loss to activities of militants in the niger delta may soon ground the nations economy if government continues to trade blame over the issue, a council member of the nigerian. Speakers at the programme held last saturday, in port harcourt, used the occasion to eulogise the. Niger delta instead draconian laws and steps were taken by the governments and the companies to annihilate the niger delta people. Crisis in the niger delta 2 amnesty the one concrete action the federal government has taken is to introduce an amnesty for militants who turn in their weapons and commit to abandoning violence. The findings of the study the prevailing situation in the niger delta region of nigeria and in zimbabwe, which has. Long out of print, this book brings together oral traditional evidence and all other available historical material including the work of the eminent historian of the niger delta, kenneth owuka dike.
To fully understand and appreciate the current context we must take ourselves back through niger delta history to the regions first formation of city states, the oyo and benin kingdoms, circa 11th century. Ethnic and political unrest has continued throughout the 1990s despite the conversion to democracy and the election of the obasanjo government in 1999. In effect, the niger delta crisis has had the character and effects of a pandemic since the beginning of its occurrence. Apr 24, 2009 fresh dimensions on the niger delta crisis of nigeria ojakorotu, dr.
The ecological crisis in the delta is coupled with a deepening politicaleconomic crisis. Outside of benin, the niger delta was a collection of regions controlled by different tribes and kings, for example, urhobo, delta igbos, isoko, itsekiri, oron and ijaw note that the ijaw have always been the ethnic majority group in the delta. The book frames the crisis in the niger delta around a battle between largely external oil interests and those within the region who want to protect the local environment and way of life p. Although the niger delta has a long history of violence, the situation has gone from. These ethnic groups, while subscribing to a general interest in the development of the niger delta. How to solve the niger delta problem sahara reporters.
The oil rich niger delta region of nigeria has been embroiled in crisis between the government forces and some militants elements that are aggrieved over certain fundamental issues affecting the region which has lead to peacelessness. The wider aim is to unlock the languages of the niger delta region, enabling peoples from all over the world, to learn and communicate in them, leading to a deeper understanding of the cultures, inspiring peace, creativity and development. The niger delta area is one of the locations that is seriously affected by oil spill in nigeria s fifty one. It is bounded on the northwest by algeria, on the northeast by libya, on the east by chad, on the south by nigeria and benin, and on the west by burkina faso and mali. We publish written and audio materials that will facilitate the learning of these languages prices. Examining the niger delta crisis in light of helon habilas oil on water helon habila ngalabak born november 1967 is a nigerian novelist and poet, whose writing has won many prizes. A textbook of niger delta history from the earliest times. In the dead heart of that emptiness theres a place called the tenere. Real issues in the niger delta crisis vanguard news. Niger delta crisis, may be seen in three basic dimensions. Pdf the effects of the niger delta oil crisis on women folks. Natural resources, conflict, and sustainable development. Crisis in the niger delta 5 the most pressing development needs are for better roads, water transport, power, and telecommunications.
Allegedly speaking for the movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend, selfidentified spokesperson jomo gbomo announced 30 january 2010 the end of. From the oilpolluted swamps of the niger delta in the south, to the shariagoverned muslim states in the arid north, nigerias regions and many ethnicities. Long out of print, this book brings together oral traditional. Abia, akwaibom, bayelsa, cross river, delta, edo, imo, ondo and rivers. The history of the nigerian niger delta crisis is well known.
Like most nations, weve had our civil war, and weve survived it. Abstract this paper attempts to look at the niger delta crisis from a sociopoliticoecological perspective. Isaac boro, a young delta revolutionary, proclaims a niger delta republic to comprise mainly the delta s majority tribe, the ijaw. We also trust that those who seek to gain insights into the local dimensions and consequences of the atlantic world in the niger delta will find this book rewarding. Ogege, 2011 posited that despite the huge oil revenue derived from the.
The niger delta crisis is a serious matter that requires serious policy and committed and courageous leadership to. Ephraim essien 2008 captures this when he reasoned that the niger delta. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria. A cohort of 20 exmilitants from the urhobo speaking tribe within the nigerdelta region of nigeria that were enrolled in the amnesty program was used for this study. Maier, a reporter who was based in nigeria for 10 years, recounts the history. At present, few things are certain about nigeria or the niger delta, and stability is a. From the point of view of the movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend and its supporters, the people of the niger delta have suffered an unprecedented degradation. The data analysis technique utilized in this study is content analysis of data. History of the urhobo people of niger delta is the most comprehensive compilation and study of various aspects of the history of the urhobo people of nigerias niger delta. The root causes of this crisis have been the subject of extensive debate. Towards ending conflict and insecurity in the niger delta. Frameworks for understanding the crises of the niger delta region of nigeria african world christopher lamonica, j. Movement for the emancipation of the niger delta wikipedia.
The niger delta crisis by kia mistilis behind fighterplanes and gunboats, nigerian forces launched a fullscale offensive in the niger delta on may, displacing 30,000 people and sparking a. In the few decades since the 1956 discovery of oil at oloibiri in the niger delta region of nigeria, the ndr. The niger delta crisis is a serious matter that requires serious policy and committed and courageous leadership to resolve. Jan 01, 2005 the first title in a planned series of classic texts, written and published in africa, on the history and culture of the niger delta. This book is part of the african world series, edited by toyin falola, jacob and. Isaac boro, a young delta revolutionary, proclaims a niger delta republic to comprise mainly the deltas majority tribe, the ijaw. Based on the study findings, potential solution was proposed to. Oil crisis could result in vast effects on humans and animals which include social. Fresh dimensions on the niger delta crisis of nigeria ojakorotu, dr. How to solve the niger delta problem nigeria has been courting danger for the last 3050 years. As at 17th of oct, reliable sources stated that the movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend would resume its hostilities against the nigerian oil industry, the nigerian armed forces and its collaborators with effect from no time specified hours, friday, october 16, 2009, the groups spokesman, jomo gbomo, said in the statement.
The politics of conflict over oil in the niger delta region. The violence has contributed to nigerias ongoing energy supply crisis by. Conflict in the niger delta united states institute of peace. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as.
Us foreign policy and the niger delta conflict pambazuka news. May 11, 2019 the sahara is the biggest desert on earth. Unlike his predecessor, yaradua chose the dialogue option which culminated in the declaration of amnesty for suspected niger delta militants who were willing to surrender their arms. The niger delta crisis has assumed a dimension that continues to pose serious concerns to the multinational corporations, the niger delta communities, nigerian government, and the international community.
These violent conflicts are largely responsible for the backwardness of the country, poverty, unemployment etc. Fresh dimensions on the niger delta crisis of nigeria. Competition for oil wealth has fueled violence between ethnic groups, causing the militarization of n. The early history of the niger delta download ebook pdf. The political ecology of the niger delta crisis and the. The book, curse of the black gold, traces nigerias 50year history of oil. In other words, the post deals with the niger delta communities in nigeria in relation to environmental change and the social consequences of this downturn in delta communities. The book then embarks on a close assessment of the advent of british. The niger delta region of nigeria has a long history of struggles for selfdetermination. The political ecology of the niger delta crisis and the prospects of lasting peace in the post amnesty period by okoli, al chukwuma. The land of fear with david adams trade route history. The oil producing states in nigeria all in the niger delta account for 90% of oil revenues yet they receive only 19% of the statutory revenues from. Sep 11, 2010 how to solve the niger delta problem nigeria has been courting danger for the last 3050 years. The niger delta region has a population of about 34 million people 2005 and covers an area of about 70,000 sq.
Major causes of militancy in niger delta research cyber. The current conflict in the niger delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between. Consequently, the region has become a place of frustrated expectations and a hot bed for violence ogege, 2011. Vast oilreserves in the niger delta one of the planets most precious wetlands situated at the african westcoast of nigeria were discovered in the 1950s, at the end of colonial times, and to this very day contribute to most of the oil wealth of nigeria. The people live in a few large cities and over 3,000 small and often remote. Long out of print, this book brings together oral traditional evidence and all other available historical material including the work of the eminent historian of the niger delta. It begins with an examination of the prehistory of the region, with particular focus on the urhobo and their close ethnic neighbour, the isoko. An assessment of the niger delta crisis and nigerias. This study was designed to investigate the effects of th e niger delta oil crisis on the women folks. Fuelling the niger delta crisis crisis group africa report n118, 28 september 2006 page iii federal and state governments and niger delta parties, based on the proposal already accepted in principle by several delta activist and militant groups. Click download or read online button to get the early history of the niger delta book now. It examines the often hazy overlap between the militant niger delta cause and criminal and political motives, and identifies the steps required to defuse the conflict. The challenges of the nigerdelta crisis a book dedicated to late president umaru musa yaradua sponsored by the association of nigerian authors ana, oyo state chapter in collaboration with university of ibadan department of history and african forum for peace initiatives afpin.
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